Chemistry

CHEMISTRY 1

Unit Section	Elements	Soil-Net Links
12.2 How do rocks provide metals and how are metals used?
	to consider and evaluate the social, economic and environmental impacts of exploiting metal ores, of using metals and of recycling metals	Soil pollution
12.3 How do we get fuels from crude oil?
	Evaluate the impact on the environment of burning hydrocarbon fuels	Soils pollution threats Soil pollution Soils and climate change
	Consider and evaluate the social, economic and environmental impacts of the uses of fuels	Soil pollution Soils and climate change
	Most fuels contain carbon and/or hydrogen and may also contain some sulphur. The gases released into the atmosphere when a fuel burns may include carbon dioxide, water (vapour), carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. Particles may also be released.	Soil pollution Soils and climate change
	Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain, carbon dioxide causes global warming and particles cause global dimming.	Soils and acid rain Soil pollution Soils and climate change
	Sulphur can be removed from fuels before they are burned, for example in vehicles. Sulphur dioxide can be removed from the waste gases after combustion, for example in power stations.	Soils and acid rain Soil pollution Soils and climate change
12.4 How are polymers and ethanol made from oil?
	Evaluate the social, economic and environmental impacts of the use, disposal and recycling of polymers	Soil pollution
	Many polymers are not biodegradable, so they are not broken down by micro-organisms and this can lead to problems with waste disposal.	Soil pollution
12.5 How can plant oils be used?
12.6 What are the changes in the Earth and its atmosphere?
	The Earth and its atmosphere provide everything that we need.The earth's atmosphere was originally very different from what it is today. It has been much the same for the last 200 million years and provides the conditions needed for life on Earth. Recently human activities have produced further changes.	Global cycles Oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle Carbon cycle Soils and climate change
	Explain and evaluate theories of the changes that have occurred and are occurring in the Earth's atmosphere	Global cycles Oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle Carbon cycle Soils and climate change Climate change concerns
	Explain and evaluate the effects of human activities on the atmosphere	Soils and climate change Climate change concerns
	For 200 million years the proportions of different gases in the atmosphere have been much the same as they are today: -about four-fifths (80%) nitrogen -about one-fifth (20%) oxygen -small proportions of various other gases, including carbon dioxide, water vapour and noble gases	Global cycles Oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle Carbon cycle
	During the first billion years of the Earth's existence there was intense volcanic activity. This activity released the gases that formed the early atmosphere and water vapour that condensed to form the oceans.	Global cycles Oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle Carbon cycle
	Plants produced the oxygen that is now in the atmosphere.	Soils and plants Oxygen cycle
	Most of the carbon from the carbon dioxide in the air gradually became locked up in sedimentary rocks as carbonates and fossil fuels.	Carbon cycle
	Nowadays the release of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.	Carbon cycle Soils and climate The threat of climate change Climate change concerns